Compare Liechtenstein (2002) - Norfolk Island (2006)

Compare Liechtenstein (2002) z Norfolk Island (2006)

	Liechtenstein (2002)	Norfolk Island (2006)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001) 15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639) 65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports	none (2001)	1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering.	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate	11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million; including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
Capital	Vaduz	name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	32 km
Constitution	5 October 1921	Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Currency	Swiss franc (CHF)	-
Death rate	6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$0 (1996) (2001)	$NA
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$NA
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption	313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	NA kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% 98% nuclear: NA% other: NA% 2% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% 40% services: NA% (1999)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Highways	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries	-
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	NA
Imports - partners	EU countries, Switzerland	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)
Independence	23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
Infant mortality rate	4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	-
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO	UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force	28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day	1,345
Labor force - by occupation	industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.)	agriculture: 10% industry and services: 90%
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.1 years male: 75.47 years female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1981 est.)	NA
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	defense is the responsibility of Australia
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards	NA	typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	fish
Net migration rate	4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
Political parties and leaders	Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	32,842 (July 2002 est.)	1,828 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.94% (2002 est.)	-0.01% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)
Radios	21,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 18.5 km standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
Telephones - main lines in use	20,072 (2000)	2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002)
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005)
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate	1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	1.3% (1999)	0%
Waterways	none	-

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